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Composite outcomes are frequently used as primary outcomes in randomized-controlled trials and observational studies. Why are they used? What are the limitations of their use? How are composite outcomes interpreted? Join us in this episode as Dr. David Harrington, statistical editor at the NEJM, helps breakdown composite outcomes.

Statistical Review – Composite Outcomes with Dr. David Harrington

Beyond Journal Club Podcast from Core IM

Does colonoscopy prevent colon cancer, and does it save lives? There has never been a randomized controlled trial on the effect of screening colonoscopies before the NordICC trial, even though screening colonoscopy is a guideline-based recommendation for everyone over age 45....

The NordICC Trial: Does invitation to screening colonoscopy save lives?

Should your patients be reaching for albuterol when their asthma flares up? Some of us may have been treating asthma exacerbations incorrectly for many years… What is the right approach? Tune in to the fifth episode of Beyond Journal Club, a...

The MANDALA Trial: What is the Best Rescue Medication for Asthma?

How do you counsel patients eligible for the RSV vaccines? What do the results of the RENOIR and AReSVi trials tell us and how do they compare? How should we interpret vaccine trials in the first place? Tune in to the...

The RENOIR and AReSVi Trials: RSV & What Makes Vaccine Trials Different?

In community-acquired pneumonia, can steroids improve mortality? Past studies of steroids in CAP have been conflicting, with some showing a mortality benefit and others showing no difference. How does the CAPE COD trial change how we think about patients hospitalized with...

The CAPE COD Trial: Do Steroids Have a Role in Community-Acquired Pneumonia?

What is the difference between semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro) in metabolic outcomes and mechanism? How did we find out diabetes medications can help with weight loss? SURMOUNT-1 asked the question, "Does tirzepatide, a once weekly injectable drug used...

The SURMOUNT-1 Trial: How Did Diabetes Medications Become Weight Loss Meds?

Does adding revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to optimal medical therapy improve survival and heart failure hospitalizations in patients with severe ischemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction? Some evidence suggests that patients with low ejection fraction benefit from revascularization by PCI....

The REVIVED Trial: Does PCI Save Lives in Heart Failure and CAD?

NEJM Journal Watch Research Summaries

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Research summaries covering topics relevant to residents and trainees.

Some oncologists are far more aggressive than others.

How Is Cancer Managed at the End of Life?

In a U.S. postmarketing surveillance study, only 1 in 6 IVC filters were retrieved.

Retrieve It or Leave It: The Ultimate Fate of Inferior Vena Cava Filters

This randomized trial showed no difference in local or systemic side effects in patients receiving their vaccines on either schedule.

Simultaneous vs. Sequential Administration of COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccines


The combinations of inhaled steroid/albuterol or inhaled steroid/formoterol clearly are superior to monotherapy for rescue.

Should We Still Be Using Albuterol Alone for Asthma?

In this observational study, rosuvastatin was associated with lower 6-year mortality but interpreting and applying the results is not straightforward.

Atorvastatin vs. Rosuvastatin: Do Effectiveness and Safety Differ?

The overall failure rate was 10% — central line–associated bloodstream infections, occlusions, and dislodgement were the main culprits.

How Common Are Central Line Complications?

This potassium-competitive acid blocker recently was FDA approved for this indication, but its high cost is a barrier to routine use.

Vonoprazan for Treating Patients with Heartburn

A trio of trials provide more evidence for the safety and efficacy of SPCs to lower blood pressure.

Evidence Mounts for Triple Single-Pill Combination Therapy for Hypertension

In a randomized trial, critically ill patients with acute brain injury who were transfused to a higher hemoglobin goal had better neurological outcomes.

Optimal Hemoglobin Threshold for Patients with Acute Brain Injury

Commonly used nonstandard arm positions resulted in clinically relevant overestimation of BP.

Does Arm Positioning Affect Blood Pressure Readings?

For most patients with penicillin allergy in their records, it's a safe way to delabel.

Can We Skip Skin Testing and Go Right to a Direct Penicillin Challenge?

It's probably 9 g/dL in patients with MI and anemia.

What Is the Optimal Hemoglobin Transfusion Threshold in Patients with Myocardial Infarction?

New recommendations in these updated American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines include selective measurement of cardiac biomarkers.

Perioperative Cardiovascular Management for Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery

A scientific statement from the American Heart Association provides guidance on this recently U.S. FDA-approved procedure.

Renal Denervation for Managing Hypertension

In a large observational study, women with false-positive results were less likely to return for future screening.

Do False-Positive Mammograms Discourage Subsequent Screening?

Among other changes, the 2024 version of these guidelines suggests that clinicians use clarithromycin and levofloxacin to treat H. pylori only if susceptibility is proven.

Treating Patients Who Have Helicobacter pylori Infections

A concise review article outlines the spectrum of potentially important incidental findings that clinicians are seeing increasingly on chest CT reports.

Incidental Findings on Chest CT

Both strategies yielded similar postoperative outcomes.

Should Angiotensin-Blocking Agents Be Stopped or Continued Preoperatively?

And vaccination against shingles was associated with lower subsequent risk for vascular dementia or Alzheimer disease.

Chronic Varicella-Zoster Virus Brain Infection Might Trigger Dementia

For the first time, a professional organization offers guidance for managing asymptomatic elevated BP in the hospital and at discharge.

Managing Elevated Blood Pressure in the Hospital

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Statistical Review – Composite Outcomes with Dr. David Harrington

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