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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has caused significant morbidity and mortality in infants younger than 6 months worldwide. Currently, two options are available to protect infants from RSV — a bivalent RSV prefusion F protein-based vaccine (RSVpreF) for expectant mothers and prophylaxis...

Takeaways From the RSV MAT-009 Trial

“But it’s so uncomfortable.” That’s what primary care physicians often hear from patients when they are told they need to undergo the dreaded prep the day before a screening colonoscopy. Even with stool-based tests, the collection of a sample at home...

Will Blood-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening ECLIPSE Other Noninvasive Tests?

Each fall and winter, pediatric emergency rooms fill with infants in distress due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Estimates of global disease burden suggest that one in every 28 deaths in children aged 28 days to 6 months is attributable to...

Nirsevimab for a More HARMONIE-ous RSV Season in Infants

Testosterone plays a critical role in men’s skeletal health, increasing bone mineral density throughout adulthood and maintaining it as they age. Men who undergo androgen deprivation therapy to reduce testosterone levels have decreased bone mineral density and increased risk of fracture....

Testosterone and Fracture Risk

Postexposure prophylaxis is not a new concept in medicine. The administration of antibiotic or antiviral therapy after close contact with a person who may be infectious is the current standard of care for many diseases including bacterial meningitis, human immunodeficiency virus...

PEPpered with Disappointment: The dPEP Trial

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disease that is primarily diagnosed in childhood and marked by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing β-cells. Histopathologic studies in the 1960s showed that by the time the disease becomes clinically apparent, fewer...

PROTECTing β-Cell Function in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Patients with cancer often question whether the risks and adverse effects associated with a specific treatment outweigh the benefits. This decision is highly personal and dependent on individual values and goals. Many patients value independence and quality of life over cancer...

Foregoing Radiotherapy after Breast Conserving Surgery

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common monogenic disorder caused by a point mutation in the <em>HBB</em> gene, which encodes β-hemoglobin. The resulting substitution of valine for glutamic acid modifies the erythrocyte morphology such that it is predisposed...

Progress in Sickle Cell Disease Gene Therapies

If you have ever looked at a pediatric chest radiograph, you may recall seeing a large thymic shadow overlying the mediastinum. That shadow disappears with age as the thymus atrophies and involutes. Children born with an absent or hypoplastic thymus, such...

Don’t Underestimate the Health Consequences of Thymus Removal in Adults

Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) often require multiple medications trials to achieve remission. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) — defined as lack of response to two or more medication trials — affects up to 30% of patients with MDD. Patients with...

Escaping Treatment-Resistant Depression with Esketamine

Beyond Journal Club Podcast from Core IM

Does colonoscopy prevent colon cancer, and does it save lives? There has never been a randomized controlled trial on the effect of screening colonoscopies before the NordICC trial, even though screening colonoscopy is a guideline-based recommendation for everyone over age 45....

The NordICC Trial: Does invitation to screening colonoscopy save lives?

Should your patients be reaching for albuterol when their asthma flares up? Some of us may have been treating asthma exacerbations incorrectly for many years… What is the right approach? Tune in to the fifth episode of Beyond Journal Club, a...

The MANDALA Trial: What is the Best Rescue Medication for Asthma?

How do you counsel patients eligible for the RSV vaccines? What do the results of the RENOIR and AReSVi trials tell us and how do they compare? How should we interpret vaccine trials in the first place? Tune in to the...

The RENOIR and AReSVi Trials: RSV & What Makes Vaccine Trials Different?

In community-acquired pneumonia, can steroids improve mortality? Past studies of steroids in CAP have been conflicting, with some showing a mortality benefit and others showing no difference. How does the CAPE COD trial change how we think about patients hospitalized with...

The CAPE COD Trial: Do Steroids Have a Role in Community-Acquired Pneumonia?

What is the difference between semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro) in metabolic outcomes and mechanism? How did we find out diabetes medications can help with weight loss? SURMOUNT-1 asked the question, "Does tirzepatide, a once weekly injectable drug used...

The SURMOUNT-1 Trial: How Did Diabetes Medications Become Weight Loss Meds?

Does adding revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to optimal medical therapy improve survival and heart failure hospitalizations in patients with severe ischemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction? Some evidence suggests that patients with low ejection fraction benefit from revascularization by PCI....

The REVIVED Trial: Does PCI Save Lives in Heart Failure and CAD?

NEJM Journal Watch Research Summaries

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Research summaries covering topics relevant to residents and trainees.

Some oncologists are far more aggressive than others.

How Is Cancer Managed at the End of Life?

In a U.S. postmarketing surveillance study, only 1 in 6 IVC filters were retrieved.

Retrieve It or Leave It: The Ultimate Fate of Inferior Vena Cava Filters

This randomized trial showed no difference in local or systemic side effects in patients receiving their vaccines on either schedule.

Simultaneous vs. Sequential Administration of COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccines


The combinations of inhaled steroid/albuterol or inhaled steroid/formoterol clearly are superior to monotherapy for rescue.

Should We Still Be Using Albuterol Alone for Asthma?

In this observational study, rosuvastatin was associated with lower 6-year mortality but interpreting and applying the results is not straightforward.

Atorvastatin vs. Rosuvastatin: Do Effectiveness and Safety Differ?

The overall failure rate was 10% — central line–associated bloodstream infections, occlusions, and dislodgement were the main culprits.

How Common Are Central Line Complications?

This potassium-competitive acid blocker recently was FDA approved for this indication, but its high cost is a barrier to routine use.

Vonoprazan for Treating Patients with Heartburn

A trio of trials provide more evidence for the safety and efficacy of SPCs to lower blood pressure.

Evidence Mounts for Triple Single-Pill Combination Therapy for Hypertension

In a randomized trial, critically ill patients with acute brain injury who were transfused to a higher hemoglobin goal had better neurological outcomes.

Optimal Hemoglobin Threshold for Patients with Acute Brain Injury

Commonly used nonstandard arm positions resulted in clinically relevant overestimation of BP.

Does Arm Positioning Affect Blood Pressure Readings?

For most patients with penicillin allergy in their records, it's a safe way to delabel.

Can We Skip Skin Testing and Go Right to a Direct Penicillin Challenge?

It's probably 9 g/dL in patients with MI and anemia.

What Is the Optimal Hemoglobin Transfusion Threshold in Patients with Myocardial Infarction?

New recommendations in these updated American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines include selective measurement of cardiac biomarkers.

Perioperative Cardiovascular Management for Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery

A scientific statement from the American Heart Association provides guidance on this recently U.S. FDA-approved procedure.

Renal Denervation for Managing Hypertension

In a large observational study, women with false-positive results were less likely to return for future screening.

Do False-Positive Mammograms Discourage Subsequent Screening?

Among other changes, the 2024 version of these guidelines suggests that clinicians use clarithromycin and levofloxacin to treat H. pylori only if susceptibility is proven.

Treating Patients Who Have Helicobacter pylori Infections

A concise review article outlines the spectrum of potentially important incidental findings that clinicians are seeing increasingly on chest CT reports.

Incidental Findings on Chest CT

Both strategies yielded similar postoperative outcomes.

Should Angiotensin-Blocking Agents Be Stopped or Continued Preoperatively?

And vaccination against shingles was associated with lower subsequent risk for vascular dementia or Alzheimer disease.

Chronic Varicella-Zoster Virus Brain Infection Might Trigger Dementia

For the first time, a professional organization offers guidance for managing asymptomatic elevated BP in the hospital and at discharge.

Managing Elevated Blood Pressure in the Hospital

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